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The rise of novel topicals in immuno-dermatology
Markus Gores, Vice President, IQVIA EMEA Thought Leadership
Nov 19, 2024

Topical therapies have a long history as cornerstone treatments for immune-mediated skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. They are the go-to, often first-line option for many patients, especially those with mild-to-moderate disease affecting only a small area of their body.

The topicals segment represents about 5% of the combined value of the global markets for prescription medicines for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which are dominated by systemic, biologic therapies, and is worth $3 billion, at ex-manufacturer prices, based on IQVIA MIDAS MAT Q2/2024. Mainstay topical therapies include emollients and steroid creams, which aim to restore the skin barrier function and microbiome, and reduce inflammation and pruritus.

Since topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus entered the market in the early 2000s, innovation in topical therapies stalled for over a decade until the approval of PDE4 inhibitor crisaborole for atopic dermatitis in 2016.

Biopharma innovators have recently shown a growing interest in topical treatments with targeted MoAs that explore new therapeutic pathways, e.g., targeting Janus kinase (JAK) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). IQVIA Pipeline Link identifies over 30 clinical-stage topical candidates currently in development for immune-mediated skin conditions, while six novel topicals were approved in the past four years (see Table 1):

Table 1: Approvals of novel topicals since 2020

Brand (molecule) MoA First approval/country Indications
Corectim (delgocitinib) JAK Q1/2020; Japan Atopic dermatitis
Opzelura (ruloxitinib) JAK Q3/2021; US Atopic dermatitis, vitiligo
Moizerto (difamilast) PDE4 Q3/2021; Japan Atopic dermatitis
Vtama (tapinarof) AhR Q2/2022; US Psoriasis
Zoryve (roflumilast) PDE4 Q3/2022; US Psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis
Anzupgo (delgocitinib) JAK Q3/2024; EU Chronic hand eczema

Novel topicals: reinvigorating a sluggish market

Well-known limitations of established topical therapies have created an opportunity for novel topicals to address unmet patient need by delivering superior efficacy combined with a clean(er) safety and tolerability profile – for example, avoiding the side effects of the long-term use of steroid creams, such as skin atrophy, acne or potential risks from systemic absorption; or skin irritation, burning and stinging reported for other established topicals, which negatively impact patient adherence and thus clinical outcomes.

Overall headline growth of topicals in the combined global psoriasis and atopic dermatitis markets is weighed down by mature products such as emollients and off-patent steroid creams, however, the entry of novel topicals has injected new growth momentum. Year-over-year (YoY) value growth for total topicals, including established and novel therapies, accelerated from -1.5% in 2021 to 2.4% in 2022 and 2.5% in 2023 to reach 4.8% in 2024 (based on respective MAT Q2 for all years).

Collectively, the segment of novel topicals delivered impressive 45% YoY value growth (MAT Q2/2024 vs. MAT Q2/2023), while the segment of established topicals declined in value by 4% over the same time period. The latest YoY growth momentum of novel topicals also compares favourably to the oral and parenteral segments within the combined global psoriasis and atopic dermatitis markets, which grew at 29% and 20%, respectively (see Figure 1).

Individual novel topical brands are growing at attractive annual rates in the double- or even triple digits, with Vtama (tapinarof) and Opzelura (ruloxitinib), which have been launched in the US market, already generating several $100 million in annual sales in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis alone.

Incyte’s topical JAK inhibitor Opzelura has emerged as the standout performer among novel topicals, and a key growth driver for the company, which generates over $400 million in annual sales across its two approved indications of atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. Building on the broad utility of the JAK MoA, Incyte is exploring indication expansions for Opzelura into other immune-mediated skin conditions, including hidradenitis suppurativa, prurigo nodularis, lichen planus and lichen sclerosus.

Since topicals do not compete with biologics, because they are either used in the pre-biologics setting or as a complementary add-on to biologics therapy, they avoid head-on competition with major, big pharma immunology players, e.g., AbbVie, Sanofi, Novartis, J&J or Lilly. This explains why novel topicals have emerged as an attractive segment for small- and medium-size biopharma companies, for example, Incyte, LEO or Arcutis, which unlike big pharma do not need to pursue multi-billion dollar blockbuster opportunities.

Finding differentiation among topicals

The typically multi-faceted manifestations of dermatological conditions include a wide range of symptoms, e.g., dry, cracked, scaly or discoloured skin; rashes, open sores, nodular or pustular lesions, accompanied by itch (pruritus) and pain, which may cause sleep disturbance and severely impact patients’ overall quality of life and mental health.

Innovators seeking differentiation in the topical treatment landscape must therefore deliver patient-relevant benefits on multiple dimensions. This is illustrated, for example, by a network meta-analysis [1] which compares selected topical therapies for atopic dermatitis spanning a range of different MoAs (see Figure 2).

Specifically, it shows that innovation is not a simplistic race for greater potency on a single, traditional clinical outcomes measure, e.g., improvement in atopic dermatitis severity. Instead, the opportunity for novel topicals in atopic dermatitis lies in translating headline efficacy into patient-relevant quality of life (QoL) benefits and to demonstrate those under real world conditions.

This is an important lesson for innovators aiming to develop successful novel topical therapies, and it is applicable across the spectrum of dermatological conditions.

Expanding the opportunity for novel topicals

The arrival of novel topicals, with their targeted MoAs and distinct profiles, has been a welcome addition to dermatologists’ therapeutic armamentarium, introducing valuable new treatment options for patients. However, to maximise the opportunity for novel topicals, innovators must focus on four strategic priorities:

  • Shaping the market: As a relatively new segment, novel topicals still need to fully establish themselves in the dermatological treatment landscape. Therefore, innovators must continue to build awareness among HCPs, payers and patients, and educate them on the benefits and value delivered by novel topical therapies, specifically highlighting differentiation vs. legacy treatments such as steroid creams.
  • Seizing the paediatric opportunity: The benefits of topical vs. parenteral administration are nowhere more pronounced than in the paediatric segment, which represents a sizeable opportunity, for example, with 10-15% of children estimated to be affected by atopic dermatitis. Demonstrating (longer-term) safety is critical to reassure HCPs and parents, e.g., confirming a low systemic load of active ingredients of topicals or their metabolites.
  • Expanding the pre-biologics setting: The improved efficacy and patient benefits that novel topicals can deliver open a potential opportunity to expand the pre-biologics treatment window in the dermatological patient journey. To seize this opportunity, innovators will need to demonstrate how novel topicals may change the natural history of disease. Furthermore, they will need to differentiate against an increasing number of oral therapies which are also competing for the pre-biologics setting.
  • Exploring adjacencies: Unmet need continues to be high, especially in smaller, often overlooked immune-mediated dermatological indications, including rare skin diseases. These provide opportunities for indication expansion, in particular for novel topicals with a versatile MoA blocking key steps in the immune cascade, such as JAK inhibitors.

Recent innovation efforts focused on developing novel topical therapies have culminated in the approval of several new treatments for immune-mediated skin conditions in the past few years. As treatment options for patients continue to expand, compelling evidence will play a crucial role in substantiating the benefits, especially under real world conditions, of novel topicals for them to fulfil their promise.

Reference

1. Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials; Chu, Derek K. et al., Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol.152, Issue 6, 1493 – 1519 (2023)

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