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Blog
The New Generation of Vaccine Development for RSV
Wayne R. Hogrefe, Vice President, Vaccines Unit, Q2 Solutions
Nov 01, 2018
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  • The New Generation of Vaccine Development for RSV

Vice President, Vaccines Unit, Q2 Solutions

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the largest, most significant respiratory disease in children and the elderly for which no vaccines is available. The virus was first identified over 60 years ago, in 19572. Today, RSV causes an average of 2.1 million outpatient visits and more than 57,000 hospitalizations each year among children under the age of five in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the elderly, the virus is equally concerning with over 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths among adults older than 65 each year.1

Despite early setbacks, new interest fueled a few advancements during the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 2000s, Wyeth (now Pfizer) and Sanofi tested subunit vaccines with purified F protein via maternal immunization and the RSV fusion attachment and matrix proteins in the elderly, respectively.2 Since then, there is a renewed effort to address this serious condition. Today, there are more than 100 RSV clinical trial studies currently taking place globally.3 New RSV vaccines currently being developed and moved into clinical trials by many companies including Bavarian Nordic, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novovax, Takeda, VaxArt, and others..

Challenges to RSV Vaccine Development

Safety concerns following the trial in the 1960s likely had the biggest impact on progress toward developing a new RSV candidate. The lack of a suitable small animal models for RSV vaccine development that could fully mimic human infection and disease also delayed studies on pathogenesis. More than 30 years after the human clinical trial, researchers identified a large animal model (the cynomolgus macaque) in which they were able to duplicate the hypersensitivity response found in humans.4

As subunit vaccines were just coming into development during the 1980s, and the technology to develop and produce the immunogenic subunits of RSV took time, the time to evaluate new generations of RSV vaccines was delayed for many years. Finally, only recently have renewed investigations of potential adjuvants for RSV begun.

Need for innovation and expertise

Companies seeking to develop solutions in this next generation of RSV vaccines require specialized services to support their clinical trials. For example, Q2 Solutions is working with a large vaccine manufacturer to develop and validate new immunogenicity platforms to enhance the robustness of their immunogenicity data supporting their RSV vaccine trial.

Any sponsor seeking external laboratory services for development of an RSV vaccine should ensure the partner has the necessary technology and expert scientists to conduct appropriate efficacy monitoring during the study.

Immunogenicity testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and functional assays by viral neutralization are offerings with which the partner should be able to show competence and confidence. Q2 Solutions has partnered with both large and small pharmaceutical companies to develop traditional neutralization assays including a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for early phase vaccine development.

To date, regulatory bodies have relied on the traditional neutralization methods to support vaccine immunogenicity studies; however, Q2 Solutions has worked with our pharmaceutical partners with newer technologies to enhance throughput and lower subjectivity of RSV neutralization, such as fluorescent plaque readout methods and reporter virus particles (RVP).

With the expertise and input from the right laboratory partner, improved technology and increased knowledge, RSV vaccines developers can make great progress toward protecting vulnerable populations from this deadly disease.

Read more about our perspective on RSV, the past, present and promise.

References:

1.https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/research/us-surveillance.html

2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13478579?dopt=Abstract

3.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=RSV+Infection&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=

4.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC136757/

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